SEE-Obs Hotspots Extremism Violent religious extremism

Violent religious
extremism

Funds

1990s–2000s

2011–2018

2018–PRESENT

RAISING

External
sponsors

Extremism patronage

Identity-based support networks

Charitable &
non-profit support

Self-financing
and crowdfunding

External
sponsors

Charitable &
non-profit support

MOVING

Cash
movement

Cash
movement

Commercial money transfer services

Cash
movement

Formal financial sector

Funds

1990s–2000s

External
sponsors

2011–2018

Extremism
patronage

Identity-based
support networks

Charitable &
non-profit support

2018–PRESENT

Self-financing
and crowdfunding

External
sponsors

Charitable &
non-profit support

1990s–2000s

Cash
movement

2011–2018

Cash
movement

Commercial money
transfer services

2018–PRESENT

Cash
movement

Formal
financial sector